Page:Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, vol. 31.djvu/343

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§ 7. Remains mark Route of Migration.—The number of individuals represented by the remains is, so far as I can estimate it, as follows:—

The herbivores are largely in excess of the carnivores; and the Bisons were far more abundant than the Reindeer during the time of the accumulation of the remains.

From the position of Windy Knoll at the head of the grand defile of the Winnetts, which would offer free passage to the mammalia in their migrations from the valley of the Derwent into the plains of Lancashire and Cheshire, it is very probable that these remains mark one of the routes by which the Bisons and Reindeer passed from the east to the west of England. They may have been accumulated at a drinking-place, as is suggested by Mr. Pennington.

The association of the carnivores with the herbivores may be satisfactorily explained on the hypothesis that they followed the Bisons and Reindeer in their migrations. With regard to the latter animals, Admiral von Wrangell gives a most graphic account of what he observed in his journey through the stony Tundra near the river Baranicha, in North-eastern Siberia.

"I had hardly finished the observation," he writes, "when my whole attention was called to a highly interesting and, to me, a