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 imperialist order. Sir Norman Angell and others have exposed the follies of the pretence of a conflict of economic interests between the “haves” and the “have-nots” among nations. But they have failed to give adequate recognition to the class-cleavage of “haves” and “have-nots” within each nation as the basic cause of international discord. In every nation this cleavage is growing more distinct, taking the names of “right” and “left,” “capitalist” and “socialist,” “white” and “red.” Whence this conflict with its fears and hates? Because the mind of the proletariat everywhere is coming to realise the nature of the economic, political, and moral sway exercised by the upper classes, and finds it rooted in an amalgam of unearned and forcibly extorted wealth. As this proletarian mentality extends and seeks to use political power for the redress of economic grievances, the threatened classes organise all their political, economic, social and intellectual forces for defence.

Ever since the swiftly established socialism of Russia failed to fail (as was confidently expected by capitalist nations in the early years