Page:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Vol 1.djvu/325

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In consequence of Mr. Brande’s observations, that either acids or alkalies may be attended with injurious consequences, Mr. Home adduces various cases, for the purpose of doing away the expectation generally entertained, of relief from the use of solvents.

The ﬁrst case is that of aperson who had been relieved of the symptoms of calculus while taking saline draughts in the state of eﬁ'ervescence, but in whose bladder were found, after death, as many as twenty calculi; but the prostate gland had become enlarged, and had formed a barrier, so as to prevent the neck of the bladder from being irritated by them.

The second patient had used Perry’s lixivium, with the same-apparent beneﬁt, which, in fact, arose from the same cause as the preceding.

Home has also found calculi in cysts, between the fasciculi of the muscular coat of the bladder, even so many as three or four in the same bladder, in which cases the usual symptoms of stone would not occur.

A gentleman having, at the age of seventy, voided a small uric calculus during a course of alkaline medicines, continued to use them at intervals for four or ﬁve years, suffering occasionally in a. slight degree, but passing no more calculi. After his death about 350 light spongy calculi, consistingof the phosphatﬁ cemented bynric acid, were found in his bladder, which, in Mr. Home's estimation, were occasioned by the use of alkalies, in the manner suggested by Mr. Brande.

Another gentleman, who was found, by sounding, to have a stone in his bladder, took fossil alkali for about three months, after which he underwent the Operation of lithotomy. The stone was found, externally, composed of pure triple phosphate of magnesia, in spiculated crystals, while the central parts had also a mixture of uric acid with the phosphates, so that the alkali had prevented the formation of uric acid; but the deposition of the phosphates appeared to Mr. Home more rapid than before.

The importance of a. process so essential to life having excited proportional curiosity in philosophers from the earliest ages, the authors of the present communication take occasion to trace the history of their subject. Beginning with the conjectures of Hippocrates and of Plato, they proceed to notice the ﬁrst accurate notions of Boyle and of Mayow, which were neglected and forgotten till the time when Priestley and Scheele ﬁrst distinguished the two constituent parts of the atmosphere from each other.