Page:Principles of Psychology (1890) v1.djvu/244

224 CHAPTER IX.* THE STREAM OF THOUGHT. We now begin our study of the mind from within. Most books start with sensations, as the simplest mental facts, and proceed synthetically, constructing each higher stage from those below it. But this is abandoning the empirical method of investigation. No one ever had a simple sensa- tion by itself. Consciousness, from our natal day, is of a teeming multiplicity of objects and relations, and what we call simple sensations are results of discriminative atten- tion, pushed often to a very high degree. It is astonishing what havoc is wrought in psychology by admitting at the outset apparently innocent suppositions, that nevertheless contain a flaw. The bad consequences develop themselves later on, and are irremediable, being woven through the whole texture of the work. The notion that sensations, being the simplest things, are the first things to take up in psychology is one of these suppositions. The only thing which psychology has a right to postulate at the outset is the fact of thinking itself, and that must first be taken up and analyzed. If sensations then prove to be amongst the elements of the thinking, we shall be no worse off as re- spects them than if we had taken them for granted at the start. The first fact for us, then, as psychologists, is that thinking of some sort goes on. I use the word thinking, in accordance with what was said on p. 186, for every form of conscious- ness indiscriminately. If we could say in English *it thinks,' as we say ' it rains ' or 'it blows,' we should be Omissions of Introspective Psychology ' which appeared in ' Mind ' for January 1884. 234
 * A good deal of this chapter is reprinted from an article 'On some