Page:Primary Lessons In Swatow Grammar.djvu/74

54 Accusative.

The Accusative is known simply from its connection. It usually follows the verb.


 * lòi-chhâ,
 * split wood.


 * chám-chhâ,
 * cut wood.


 * lôi-chhân,
 * plough a field.


 * ní-pòu,
 * dye cloth.


 * póu-ôi,
 * mend shoes.


 * theⁿ-chûn,
 * pole the boat.


 * siu-lōu,
 * repair the road.


 * taⁿ-thôu,
 * carry earth (on a pole).


 * taⁿ-chúi,
 * carry water.


 * kng-chie̍h,
 * to bear stones (between two).


 * phõ-a-nôuⁿ,
 * carry a child (in the arms).


 * la̍h-mue̍h-kiãⁿ,
 * gather up an armful of things.

Vocative.

The Vocative is known by a, o, oi.


 * a-chek--a,
 * O Uncle.


 * a-tĩ--a,
 * O younger brother.


 * a-hiaⁿ--a,
 * O older brother.


 * chhù-piⁿ--a,
 * O neighbor.


 * uá phêng-iú--a,
 * O my friend.


 * lãu-tia--a,
 * O your Honor.


 * kò-chûn-nâng, oi,
 * O you man rowing a boat.


 * khiâ-hõu-sùaⁿ kâi-nâng, oi,
 * ho, you man carrying an umbrella.

Ablative.

The Ablative with, in, from, and by is indicated by the following equivalents ;—chiang or chang, to make use of, ēng, to use, íⁿ, by means of, lãi, within, tõ, to be at, kāng, together with, chhap, to mix, or, be with, kai, khṳt, khih, with, together with, by, and iû, chhông, from. These words express agency, instrumentality, or source of efficiency in connection with nouns.


 * hó-chang sĩ-mue̍h khṳ̀-chò?
 * what shall I take to go and do it with?


 * chang phì-jũ kà--i,
 * use an illustration and teach him.


 * chang hó-ūe uaⁿ-ùe--i,
 * with good words comforted him.


 * chang-ak-ūe kek-i seⁿ-khì,
 * with bad words he provoked him to anger.