Page:Primary Lessons In Swatow Grammar.djvu/103

Rh :; sṳ̄ sêng--liáu,
 * the business is accomplished.
 * liáu-sṳ̄,
 * finished the business.


 * íⁿ,
 * have or has.
 * íⁿ-sìn chiá,
 * those who have believed.
 * íⁿ-lâi chiá,
 * those who have come.


 * keng; íⁿ-keng,
 * have, had, or has.
 * chûn íⁿ-keng ji̍p-káng-mn̂g,
 * the boat has entered the mouth of the river.
 * kuaⁿ-hú íⁿ-keng chhut-gê-mn̂g,
 * the mandarin had gone out of his office.


 * kùe,
 * gone through with.
 * sueh-kùe,
 * the explanation has been gone through with, or, it has been explained.
 * khang-khùe chò-kùe,
 * the work is done.
 * chò-kùe liáu,
 * it is already done.


 * chêng,
 * have or has.
 * chêng-tàⁿ,
 * have said.
 * chêng-khie̍h,
 * have brought along.
 * m̄-chêng thiaⁿ-kìⁿ,
 * have not heard.


 * uân — uân--liáu,
 * finished; completed.
 * sṳ̄ uân liáu,
 * the business 1s completed.


 * pat,
 * something experienced, or, gone through with.
 * pat-khṳ̀,
 * have gone there (before).
 * m̄-pat thóiⁿ-kìⁿ,
 * have not seen it.
 * m̄-pat thiaⁿ-kìⁿ,
 * have not heard.
 * m̄-pat chò-kùe,
 * he has done [sic] it, or, made it.
 * i m̄-pat tò-jīn,
 * he did not recognize.
 * pat-tha̍k-kùe,
 * he has read it.
 * pat-ngõ-tie̍h,
 * have met with.


 * tiāu,
 * away from, often signifies past tense, but not always. When used with liáu the meaning is less ambiguous.
 * ka̍k-tiāu,
 * throw away, or, thrown away.
 * ka̍k-tiāu--liáu,
 * already thrown away. (Action completed).