Page:Pratt - The history of music (1907).djvu/624

 1832-59 its principal. He published only piano and chamber works, but wrote a number of symphonies and overtures besides.

George Alexander Macfarren (d. 1887) was one of the best-trained and most competent composers in the group. From 1834 he taught in the Royal Academy and from 1876 was its principal. His works included 8 symphonies, 7 overtures, several concertos, good chamber music, piano-sonatas, operas and other stage-works, 4 oratorios (1873-83), 6 cantatas, part-songs, duets and songs, besides several theoretical treatises and edited collections.

William Sterndale Bennett (d. 1875), who was Macfarren's close contemporary, has already been mentioned (see sec. 195).

Frederick Arthur Gore Ouseley (d. 1889), born in 1825, the son of a diplomat, was educated for the church, but found opportunity for the large exercise of his musical talents. From 1855 he was professor at Oxford, but threw his strength into the development of a school at Tenbury, which he founded in 1856 and enriched by generous gifts. He is best known from his many services and nearly 90 anthems, his organ-preludes and fugues, his 2 oratorios (1855-73), and several collections of church music, but he also wrote considerable chamber music, and sonatas and pieces for piano. His theoretical knowledge was displayed in a series of fine treatises (from 1868). His great library was left to the college at Tenbury.

Other names in this middle period that might be mentioned are the prolific John Lodge Ellerton (d. 1873); the Irish pianist George Alexander Osborne (d. 1893); Thomas Molleson Mudie (d. 1876), long a teacher at Edinburgh; the gifted Henry Hugo Pierson (d. 1873), who worked mostly in Germany; the pianist and organist Charles Edward Stephens (d. 1892); Walter Cecil Macfarren (d. 1905), from 1846 piano-teacher at the Royal Academy and a varied writer for piano and orchestra; the original and versatile Dutch pianist Eduard Silas, who came to England in 1850 and gradually made his way in the face of the opposition aroused by his extreme radicalism; the eminent pianist and conductor Otto Goldschmidt (d. 1907), from 1852 the husband of Jenny Lind; Herbert Stanley Oakeley (d. 1903), from 1865 professor at Edinburgh University, and strong both as composer and as educator; Henry Charles Banister (d. 1897), professor at the Royal Academy from 1851 and the author of valuable books (from 1872); besides the large and distinguished line of younger composers whose work mainly belongs in the recent period (see sec. 231).

Special mention should also be made of Charles Kensington Salaman (d. 1901), who from 1835 was active in the organization of important concert-series and societies; the German Charles Hallé (d. 1895), from 1836 conspicuous at Paris as a pianist, and from 1848 a teacher in England, becoming famous from 1853 as conductor at Manchester, London and elsewhere; August Manns (d. 1907), also a German, from 1855 conductor at the Crystal Palace and of innumerable other concerts and festivals; William Cusins (d. 1893), from 1867 conductor of the Philharmonic concerts; and the distinguished violinist John Tiplady Carrodus (d. 1895), prominent in leading orchestras from 1853. A strong educational influence from 1851 was exerted by the Austrian Ernst Pauer (d. 1905), widely known as teacher, lecturer, author and composer.