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1861); in 1861-73 by the Dresden Franz Schubert (d. 1878), who had been in the orchestra since 1823; in 1873?-89 by Johann Christoph Lauterbach, with Henri Petri and Eduard Rappoldi (d. 1903) as later incumbents. Other violinists were from 1841 Wagner's friend Theodor Uhlig (d. 1853); in 1844-86 Ferdinand Hüllweck (d. 1887); and from 1847 Karl August Gustav Riccius (d. 1893). A number of 'cellists were important players and composers, as in 1811-52 Friedrich Dotzauer (d. 1860); in 1817-64 F. A. Kummer (d. 1879); from 1860 Friedrich Grützmacher (d. 1903), previously at Leipsic; and from 1864 the Pole Karasowski (d. 1892). Anton Schubert (d. 1853), the uncle of the violinist, was double-bassist in 1790-1844. Valued flutists were from 1820 A. B. Fürstenau (d. 1852), and from 1842 his scholarly son Moritz Fürstenau (d. 1889).

The double series of court-organists included from 1816 A. A. Klengel (d. 1852); from 1825 Johann Schneider (d. 1864); from 1854 Edmund Kretschmer (d. 1908); and from 1864 Theodor Berthold (d. 1882) and Gustav Merkel (d. 1885).

The cantors at the Kreuzschule were from 1785 Christian Weinlig (d. 1813); from 1814 his nephew Theodor Weinlig (d. 1842); from 1817 Hermann Uber (d. 1822); from 1822 Friedrich Wilhelm Agthe (d. 1830); from 1830 the celebrated Julius Otto (d. 1877); and from 1876 Friedrich Oscar Wermann (d. 1906).

Other important church musicians were in 1842-56 and from 1861 Volkmar Schurig (d. 1899); from about 1852 Friedrich Baumfelder; from 1855 K. A. Fischer (d. 1892); and from 1858 Merkel (d. 1885).

The conservatory was started in 1856 by the chamber-musician Tröstler, but in 1859 was acquired by Friedrich Pudor (d. 1887), to whom succeeded in 1887 his son Heinrich Pudor, and he sold it in 1890 to Eugen Krantz (d. 1898). The artistic directors have been from 1860 Julius Rietz (d. 1877); and in 1877-84 Franz Wüllner (d. 1902). Prominent teachers, including several from the court forces, have been from 1856 the pianist and historian Adolf Julius Rühlmann (d. 1877); the 'cellist Kummer (d. 1879); in 1857-67 the theorist Adolf Reichel (d. 1896); the flutist Moritz Fürstenau (d. 1889); since 1858 the eminent pianist Heinrich Döring; from 1859 the pianist Emil Leonhard (d. 1883); in 1861-77 the violinist Lauterbach; from 1861 the organist Merkel (d. 1885); in 1862-1900 the theorist Wilhelm Albert Rischbieter; in 1865-74 Ludwig Meinardus (d. 1896); from 1869 the later proprietor Krantz (d. 1898); from about 1875 the historian Emil Naumann (d. 1888); from 1874 the baritone Gustav Scharfe (d. 1892); in 1877-93 the violinist Rappoldi (d. 1903); since 1884 the able theorist and composer Draeseke, etc.

Among the more noted piano-teachers of the city have been since 1841 Fritz Spindler (d. 1905); from 1850 Charles Mayer (d. 1862); from about 1855 Aloys Tausig (d. 1885); in 1860-78 Magnus Böhme (d. 1898); from about 1860 Heinrich Germer. Among the singing-teachers have been in 1848-54 Ferdinand Sieber (d. 1895), and from 1862 Louis Schubert (d. 1884).