Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 92.djvu/794

 778

��Popular Science Monthly

��drawn at right angles to the center line, starting at the four equal division points. Develop the pattern for these sections in the usual manner, using "radial lines" as described before. Briefly the steps are: Draw the one-half bottom view, divide into four equal parts, project lines from these points to base lines then to apex, strike arc for pattern, get correct length by stepping off eight spaces from bottom view, from where the lines from the base to the apex cross the miter lines, draw lines at right angles over to side of cone to get the true lengths, swing these points over to the pattern until they cross the same numbered lines on the pattern, make a cross where these lines cross, connect crosses with free hand curves, and pattern will be complete. The drawing H shows the proportions of the finished elbow.

The illustration Fig. 4 shows another 90-deg. reducer elbow, which is often used for a ventilator. The details of this de- velopment will not be given as they have already been explained many times in this series. The reason for giving this problem was to illustrate a new and in- teresting method. When drawing this reducer, great care must be taken to have the joint at 45 deg. to the center line of the pipe and of the cone. To do this, draw a circle equal to the diameter of the pipe and then draw the cone so that both its outside lines are tangent to the circle as shown in the drawing. This will bring the outside lines of both cone and pipe just touching the circle, as shown in the drawing. The pattern for the pipe is developed by means of parallel lines, the pattern for the cone by means of radial lines.

Do Not Use Fuel Savers. Regulate Your Dampers Instead

AN old fireman says, "Not one person . in ten operates the draughts of his furnace properly or handles his coal to good advantage." It will be found that the coal savers, of which there are many, are accompanied with a set of rules, which, if observed, without using the saver, would go a long way toward conserving fuel. Do not spend money on these chemical compounds. The most sensible practice is to sprinkle the coal with water before throwing it upon the fire.

��Bracing for Belt Guard to Cover Floor Countershaft

A BELT guard frame to cover a floor countershaft was built of pipe and fittings, with wire cloth stretched over them. This caused the two parts to be

��staple clip or yoKe-*fQ

���A guard frame of pipe and fittings placed over a countershaft attached to the floor

pulled together at the top. The braces to hold the upper parts at the right distance from one another were made of flat iron, 1 ^ in. wide and ^-^ in. thick with U-bolts to clamp around the pipes.

This method of guarding belts is excellent as it affords a clear view of the machines, while the flanges permit the whole frame to be unbolted and un- screened quickly when necessary. — James M. Kane.

��Carrots Used as a Substitute for Eggs in Puddings

IN these days of high prices, anything that can be used as a substitute, and give good results at the same time, will be a welcome addition in helping to keep down the high cost of living. Boiled carrots, when properly treated, form an excellent substitute for eggs in puddings, etc. Boil the carrots until they are tender and nearly ready to fall apart; drain care- fully, and mash and press through a coarse cloth or strainer. The pulp is then introduced among the other ingredients of the pudding and the eggs totally omitted. Puddings made in this manner are lighter than where eggs are used, and are more palatable. The carrots also impart a fine yellow color to the pudding so that nobody can tell whether eggs were used or not.

�� �