Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 92.djvu/456

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��Popular Science Monthly

��An Electric Lantern Which Will Stand Rough Use

AN electric lantern . specially con- structed to withstand hard knocks and rough handling is shown in the accompanying il- lustration. The frame is made almost entire- ly of aluminum, and the bulb is set far back against a large reflector so that it is well protected. Two dry cells furnish the current for a brilliant light. A large strap with'hooks is provided so that the lantern may be conveniently carried by suspending it from the shoulders.

��the castings exhaust gases coming fuel is

���This handy lan- tern for camping uses is con- structed to with- stand unusually hard knocks

��and the manifold Y, the heat the Y. The in- raised to such a high tem- perature that it is broken up into very minute particles which are entirely con- sumed by the cylinder explosion.

The fuel so heated has then no tendency to condense on the manifold walls, which happens when the walls are cold. In- stead, it diffuses itself equally between both arms of the F, so that all four cylinders receive almost exactly the same amount of fuel, an end much to be desired.

��Heating Low-Grade Gasoline with Exhaust Gases

ONE of the simplest of the many heat- ing devices to aid in more thoroughly vaporizing the present low-grade fuel used in automobiles, consists of two ham- shaped castings which are bolted together over the Y-shaped portion of the intake manifold in such a manner as to leave a small space between the manifold and the exhaust. This intervening space is filled with hot exhaust gases from the engine by means of a flexible metal tube tapped into the exhaust manifold at the top, and then exhausted down below the bottom of the engine-pan by means of a similar piece of flexible tube tapped into the bottom of one of the castings.

In passing through the space between

��Yawning Fishes. Evidently They Have Brains Enough to be Bored

DID you ever see a fish yawn? Mr. Richard Elmhirst, an English bi- ologist, tells us that yawning is a common habit of cod, saithe, cobbler, plaice and various other kinds of fish. From his description the piscatorial yawn is very much like the human yawn, except that it is done under water. He says: "From numerous observations I am led to think that this action of fishes is a real yawn, and serves the true physiological purpose of a yawn; that is, flushing the brain with blood during periods of sluggishness. The conditions conducive to yawning are a slight increase in temperature, and, I suppose, the accompanying diminution of oxygen."

���At left: Piping exhaust gases through casting surrounding in- take manifold vaporizes low- grade fuels thor- o u g h 1 y. At right: Uneven gas-distribution as ordinarily e ncou nt ered

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