Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 69.djvu/378

374 as it often does, the new creation is encouraged by nature; then time and environment fix it, and man comes on the scene, perhaps ages later, and discovers it, and, not knowing all the facts, wonders where the connecting links have gone. It is botanically classified as a new species, which it is most certainly.

In cultivated plants the life struggle is removed, and here we find variation almost the rule rather than the exception.

Varieties are the product of fixed laws, never of chance, and with a knowledge of these laws we can improve the products of nature, by employing nature's forces, in ameliorating old or producing new species and varieties better adapted to our necessities and tastes. Better food, more sunshine, less arduous competition, will of themselves induce variation in individual plants which will be more or less transmitted to their seedlings, which, selected consecutively through a certain number of generations, will become permanent. Environment here exerts an influence as in all chemical cosmical and celestial movements. These small increments from environmental forces may produce a gradual or sudden change according to circumstances. The combustion of food liberates the moving force, environment guides it as it does the planets.

When once the persistent type is broken up, old latent forces may be liberated and types buried in the dim past reappear. This, called atavism, is a concentration of ancestral forces—reverberating echoes—from varieties long since passed away, exhibiting themselves when from some cause, for instance crossing, present forces are in a state of antagonism, division, perturbation or weakness. These echoes, if collected by crossing and selection, produce combinations of superlative importance and value.

Finally, in any summation of the scientific aspects of Burbank's work must be mentioned the hosts of immensely valuable data regarding the inheritance of characteristics, the influence of epigenetic factors in development, the possibilities of plant variability, and what not else important to evolution students, mostly going unrecorded, except as they are added in mass to the already too heavy burden carried by the master of the laboratory, and as they are summed up in those actual results which the world gratefully knows as Burbank's 'new creations.'