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120 of Geneva, the Council of Swiss States, and the National Council; and he exerted a strong personal influence in political affairs.

Professor Vogt labored earnestly to promote the establishment of marine zoölogical laboratories, as well as of smaller stations, and sought to enlist the co-operation in the scheme of friends in high places in different countries. His efforts in behalf of this cause continued through forty years, his first letter on the subject having been written in 1855, and his last in 1894.

The theory suggested in Darwin's Origin of Species fell in well with Professor Vogt's views, as they may be found expressed in citations from his writings as far back as the Embryology of the Salmons, in 1842. Yet, as M. Quatrefages has shown in his Emules de Darwin, he did not agree with that author in all points. Divergences between the two are shown in Vogt's study of the Archœpteryx and in articles published in French and German reviews and issued afterward in separate form.

In May, 1861, Professor Vogt went, on the invitation of Dr. Berna, of Frankfort, upon a voyage to the northern seas in the brig Joachim Heinrich. Besides these two, Gressley, the erratic geologist, Hasselhorst, the painter, and Alexander Herzen, the younger, were of the party. Having visited the North Cape, they proceeded to Jan Mayen, an island whose ice-bound coasts had baffled many a sailor and explorers of high rank, and which was still nearly unknown. They effected a landing and examined the whole rock. They then went to Iceland, where the capital was decorated in their honor, and started for home on the 15th of September. Professor Vogt's book descriptive of this voyage was published in October, 1862.

The special characteristic of the Vorlesungen über den Menschen—Lectures on Man—1862–’63, which was translated into several languages, was its presentation for the first time in the concrete, and compactly, of the fundamental data of anthropology and its insistence upon the anatomical relations of man with the lower animals. It played a prominent part in the controversies of the next ten years over materialism. A less serious work was the translation of Brillat Savarin's Physiology of Taste, in recognition of which the translator was made honorary president of the Society of Cooks of Munich. The discoveries of the flint implements, the relics of man in caves, and the lake dwellings were the subject of several memoirs by Professor Vogt, and he projected a complete work upon them, but was never able to prepare it. His last paper on the subject was one respecting the bones of the Pithecanthropus erectus, which was published in a Frankfort journal two months previous to his death.