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632 as ensilage, or may be burned under the boilers, thus furnishing heat, and ashes valuable for fertilizing purposes.

But of greater value were the practical results obtained by Dr. Collier, with small and inexpensive apparatus, whereby he showed what could actually be done in the production of sugar and sirup from sorghum. These results were of more real importance than were the pretentious attempts made in Washington under the direction of a "practical sugar-boiler" from the West Indies, inasmuch as the latter experiments were made with improper and poorly-finished apparatus, and with sorghum not fully matured.

These experiments were also vitiated by the incompetence of the sugar-boiler, whose methods were those adapted to sugar-cane, and not varied to suit the different conditions presented when working with sorghum.

The smaller practical experiments conducted by Dr. Collier have been described in detail by himself, and, with perfect fairness, he has narrated not only successes but failures. All who are accustomed to manufacturing operations are aware that, notwithstanding the apparent simplicity of any new problem, the development of a practical working process involves a large amount of patient investigation, frequent experiments, and a not inconsiderable number of partial or seeming failures before complete success can be attained. But when such a process is thoroughly elaborated, and all its difficulties are appreciated and overcome, the details of manufacture may be safely intrusted to men of ordinary intelligence.

In November, 1881, the National Academy of Sciences appointed a special committee which was intrusted with a detailed investigation of the scientific processes, the analytical results, and the practical experiments and conclusions presented by Professor Collier.

All the members of this committee were men of the highest scientific ability, men whose reputation is world-wide, and whose conclusions must carry conviction. To quote from a recent number of "Science": "That the work has been well done is sufficiently guaranteed by the names of the committee. They were Professor William H. Brewer, Ph. D., of the Sheffield Scientific School; Professor Charles F. Chandler, of Columbia College; Professor S. W. Johnson, M. A., of the Sheffield Scientific School; Professor B. Silliman, M. A., M. D., of Yale College; Professor J. Lawrence Smith, M. D., late of the University of Louisville; and also, not of the Academy, Gideon E. Moore, Ph. D., of New York. Professor C. A. Goessmann, of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, was also a member of and acted with the committee until September 15, 1882, when he resigned."

The fairness and ability of the committee being unquestioned, it is germane, in this inquiry, to consider what their scrutiny of Dr. Collier's work has revealed as to the chances that sorghum may yet prove a valuable source of sugar. The following is taken from their report: