Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 18.djvu/738

720 Professor of Comparative Anatomy at King's College, London, has recently died. He was author of a "General Outline of the Animal Kingdom," which was forty years ago considered the best book of its kind in England.

apparatus invented by Mouchat for utilizing the direct rays of the sun as a source of power has been so improved by M. Pifre, a French engineer, that he claims to be able to make available eighty per cent, of the received heat of the sun.

organization of an entomological club has recently been completed in this city by the election of Professor A. R. Grote as President, M. Berthold Neumoegen as Treasurer, and Mr. Harry Edwards as Secretary. Its object is the promotion of entomological science, and the formation of a metropolitan collection of entomological objects. The constitution provides for the publication of a journal devoted to the different branches of entomology, the first number of which is issued for January of this year.

in a recent paper before the London Zoölogical Society, said he was not aware of any zoölogist who now maintains the independent creation hypothesis.

has made researches into the influence of different colors on the development and respiration of the infusoriæ, which lead to the following conclusions: L Violet light promotes, green light retards, the development of these lower existences; 2. If a number of these organisms are put in distilled water, they will die quicker in a violet light than in a light of any other color; 3. The production of carbonic acid is greater in violet, less in green light, than in any other color; 4. All of these circumstances indicate that the respiration of the infusoriæ is faster in violet, and slower in green light, than in any other color.

having reported to the French Academy of Sciences that he had succeeded in taking distinct photographs of the nebula in Orion, which would be useful in the future to show if any change should take place in that object, M. Janssen has proposed that systematic stellar photography be undertaken at as great a number of observatories as possible. He is preparing to begin such a work at the observatory at Meudon, with which he is connected.

experimental electric railway proposed about a year ago by Siemens has been built between the Anhalter Station, in Berlin, and a suburb called Lichtenfeld. It was to be opened to the public about the first of February.

Boston Free Library contains three hundred and sixty thousand books, and last year there were taken out eleven hundred and sixty thousand volumes.

phylloxera has appeared in the Crimea, imported, it is supposed, with vines from France. It has extended very slowly hitherto; but fears are expressed that it may invade the wild vineyards of the country, when it might destroy all the vines in the valleys of the Rion and Kura Rivers.

sinking of the base of the French entrance to the Mont Cenis Tunnel has obliged the railway company to bore a new entrance, which has been begun a little over half a mile to one side of the present opening, and will join the old tunnel at a point about two thousand feet from its mouth.

Siberia, a country so rich in gigantic fossils, the body of a colossal rhinoceros has been discovered in the Werchojanski district. It was found on the bank of a small tributary to the Jana River, and was laid bare by the action of the water. Similar to the mammoth washed ashore by the Lena River in 1799, it is remarkably well preserved, the skin being unbroken and covered with long hair. Unfortunately, only the skull of this rare fossil has reached St. Petersburg, and a foot is said to be at Irkutsk, while the remainder was allowed to be washed away by the river soon after it had been discovered. The investigation of the skull gave the interesting result that this rhinoceros (R. Merckii) is a connecting form between. the species now existing and the so-called Rhinoceros tichorrhinus, remains of which are not unfrequently found in the gravel strata of eastern Prussia. It is supposed that R. Merckii is the now extinct inhabitant of the eastern part of Siberia.—Nature.

Director of the Observatory at Cordoba, in the Argentine Republic, has been elected correspondent of the French Academy of Science, in the place of the late Professor C. A. F. Peters.

in Liverpool, January 3, 1881, Mr. John T. Towson, aged seventy-seven years. Mr. Towson was well known for valuable investigations relative to the subject of navigation, especially the determination of quickest routes to trans-oceanic ports, and the deviation of the compasses on board of iron ships. In 1863 he prepared a manual entitled "Practical Information on the Deviation of the Compass, for the Use of Masters and Mates of Iron Ships," which was subsequently published by the English Board of Trade.

has been appointed to the inspectorship of fisheries, a position made vacant by the death of Mr. Frank Buckland.