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44 merchant named Hippalus about the year 100 As might be expected, full utilization of this knowledge was not made until later, roughly the middle of the first century of our era.

His widely extended empire undoubtedly forced Mithradates to delegate extraordinary powers to his subordinates and gave greater opportunities than ever for self-aggrandizement. The satrap of satraps, Gotarzes, who appears on a relief cut by Mithradates in the great rock at Behistun, must by that time already have embarked on a career which eventually brought him into open revolt against his sovereign. If we accept the restoration by Herzfeld, based on a copy made before the partial destruction of the relief, the inscription should read