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Rh parently facing further territorial losses, for a report that the kings of Bactria sent envoys to Hadrian to seek friendship seems evidence that Bactria was then among the independent districts. In the west the excavations at Dura-Europus furnish us with a glimpse of that part of the Parthian empire. A contract of 111/22 drawn up in Phaliga mentions a Manesus, strategus of Mesopotamia and of Parapotamia and commander of the Arabs, who was also a collector of imposts.

Parthamaspates, rejected by the Parthians soon after the departure of the Roman troops, was given Osroene by Hadrian. About 123 Hadrian went per-