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Rh cities of Syria, which are reported to have been thus induced to surrender.

Pacorus was evidently a man of great energy and unusual military genius, for his death was regarded by the Romans as a severe blow to Parthia and one which went far to redeem the disgrace of Carrhae. Under this prince Ctesiphon is said to have been enlarged by the immigration of many new citizens, fortified with walls, and given a Greek name.

Ventidius completed the subjugation of Syria, and the last chance of Parthian success for the time being at least was gone. Once rid of active opposition, Ventidius turned to punish those who had aided the Parthians. Antiochus of Commagene was besieged in Samosata until he offered to do the bidding of the Romans and to pay one thousand talents. But Antony, who by midsummer of 38 had nearly reached the scene of action, was filled with a desire to reap some of the glory for himself, refused the offer, and relieved Ventidius of the command. The faithful Herod hastened from Judea with reinforcements of infantry and cavalry; some of these were delayed by the Parthians, who controlled the road, but they fought their way through and arrived just be-