Page:Plutarch's Lives (Clough, v.4, 1865).djvu/575

 APPENDIX. 567 Troy antecedent to the Iliad, as the Little Iliad, the JEthiopid, the. Sack of Ilium, and other epic pieces, did the sequel. The two lines which Socrates uses to Euthyphro in the Dialogue are : l: But Zeus who did it, and was the sower of it all, you are not willing to name; for where fear is, there ako is rev- erence," or shame. Feared shall you be, dear father, and revered, are the words with which Helen when she comes to the walls of the city in the third Iliad re- turns Priam's salutation and inquiry as to the names of the Greek warriors, whom they see : " I approach you with shame, dear father-in-law, and with trembling. AVould that an evil death had met me on the way when I came hither with your son, leaving my marriage chamber and friends, my little daughter, and pleasant companions ! . . . But this of whom you ask me is the Bon of Atreus, Agamemnon with large dominions, brother-in-law, if indeed I may say so, of me the dishonored," (Iliad, III., 172). In silence fearing those tliat bore the sway is from the description of the steady advance of the Greek line of battle in the fourth Iliad (431). The word translated reverence (aidos) is the same which in other places is shame, or modesty (more generally the fear of doing what is disgraceful than the shame at having done it), but it is con- tinually and perhaps most properly used for the feeling of respect for persons and fear of behaving amiss to our betters. Diomede, out of aidOs or respect, would not answer Agamemnon's rebuke to him. I felt aidos to do so in their presence, I could not for aidos refuse or contradict him, are current expres- sions. The distinction between courage or bravery, and a mere absence of fear or being afraid of nothing, is enforced by Aristotle. Some things every one ought to be afraid of. And hence we come, with Plato, to perceive that cour- age is only another form of knowledge of the truth, knowing what is truly to be feared and avoided, and what is so only in appearance. The Virtues, he said, were all Knowledges. Page 479. — The wine more plentiful is perhaps incorrect; it is more exactly, the wine less ascetic (literally more humane, more philanthrdpon), and he means, in quality, not in quantity. The passage, which he followed in Phylarchus the admiring historian of Cleomenes, is quoted in Athensus, " When he had com- pany, the wine was a little better." It is part of a long extract about Cleomenes and his habits. (Athenaus, p. 142.) Page 481. — Even to the women's apartments is an allusion to what is told in the Life of Aratus of the conduct of Philip, the youug king of Macedon, to the wife of Aratus's son. Page 485. — Tritymallus the Messenian is in the Life of Aratus called Tripylus. Page 489. — Rhoeteum and Helicus are unknown. Possibly the right names are Zcetium and Helisson, which are Arcadian towns in Pausanias. Page 491. — Polybius, in his second book, is Plutarch's authority for much of the history ; the passage referred to here is II., 64, 2. Page 493. — The baker was wanted first, and the pilot after, is literally in the Greek the kneader comes before the look-out man, or kneading before acting as look-out man, which seems too poor a saying to be the right one. By no very violent alteration it might be brought to the sense, they must knead before they