Page:Plant indicators the relation of plant communities to process and practice.djvu/14

VIII

CONTENTS.

PAGE.

IV. Climax Formations of Western North America - Continued.

The Petran Chaparral-Continued.

Societies

 * Vernal societies 187


 * Estival societies 187


 * Serotinal societies 187

Rhus-Quercus Associes.

 * Nature 187


 * Extent and contacts 188


 * Groupings 189


 * Relations of the dominants 189

Adenostoma-Ceanothus Association

 * Nature and extent 190


 * Groupings 191


 * Factor and seral relations 192

Societies

 * Prevernal societies 193


 * Vernal societies 193


 * Estival societies 193

Pinus-Juniperus Formation

 * Nature 193


 * Range and extent 194


 * Unity of the formation 195


 * Structure of the formation 196


 * Contacts 197

Pinus-Juniperus Association

 * Nature and extent 197

Societies

 * Shade societies 199

Quercus-Juniperus Aasociation

 * Nature and extent 200


 * Factor relations 201

Societies

 * Shade societies 202

Pinus-Quercus Aaaociation

 * Nature and extent 202

Pinus-Pseudotsuga Formation

 * Nature 205


 * Extent 205


 * Unity of the formation 205


 * Relationship and contacts 206


 * Associations 207

Pinus-Pseudotsuga Aaaociation

 * Extent 207


 * Groupings 208


 * Factor relations 209


 * Seral relations 209

Pinus Association

 * Extent 211


 * Groupings 212


 * Factor and sersd relations 212

Societies

 * Shrubs 213


 * Herbs 214

Thuja-Tsuga Formation

 * Nature 214


 * Extent 214


 * Unity 215


 * Relationship and contacts 215


 * Associations 216

Thuja-Tsuga Association

 * Nature and extent 217


 * Groupings 217


 * Factor and seral relations 218

Societies

 * Shrubs 219


 * Herbs 219

Larix-Pinus Association

 * Nature and extent 219


 * Groupings 220


 * Factor and serai relations 220

Picea-Abies Formation

 * Nature 222


 * Extent 222


 * Unity 222


 * Relationship and contacts 223


 * Associations 224

Picea-Abies Association

 * Extent 224


 * Groupings 225


 * Factor and seral relations 225