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562 without perceiving the essential harmony and even identity that underlay them. The man and the philosopher and the teacher were one; he lived his philosophy, and practised what he taught. His life was a rare exemplification of the ancient Greek ideal of the identity of the good man with the good citizen, and the loss of his removal has been felt by his fellow-citizens hardly less than by his colleagues and his students. Such a man's place cannot be filled, such a man's influence outlives himself. The name of Henry Calderwood will not soon be forgotten by the University and the city of Edinburgh.

Throughout his philosophic career, Professor Calderwood was identified with that type of philosophy which has come to be known abroad as well as at home by the national name, and it seemed to me that it might not be inappropriate to the occasion to call attention to the more significant elements in the Scottish contribution to Moral Philosophy. Nor must we limit our consideration to what is technically described as the 'Scottish School,' if we would understand even this more limited part of the field. The movement of Scottish Moral Philosophy from Hutcheson to the present day is a single movement, which can be understood only if it is studied as a whole.

In this movement the University of Glasgow has played an even more important part than our own University, through the succession of brilliant men who have occupied its Chair of Moral Philosophy. Hutcheson's Inquiry, and Reid's Essays on the Active Powers, represent, with Hume's Treatise and Enquiry, the three important stages in the development of Scottish ethics.

"Hutcheson," says the late Professor Veitch, "struck with firm hand the key-note of Scottish speculation." If, in his polemic against the crude empiricism which seems to have dominated the Scottish Universities during the first half of the eighteenth century, Hutcheson is an important precursor of Reid, his refutation of the ethical subjectivism of Hobbes has a unique historical importance. He is not to be regarded as merely the disciple of Shaftesbury and the continuator of his doctrine. In the characteristic features of his thought, in his theory of the 'Moral