Page:Philosophical Review Volume 3.djvu/193

Rh to continue speaking of 'freedom,' from this standpoint, for the moral actions of mankind or the operations of reason on the world of phenomena are just as truly founded in the intelligible substrate, as their immoral actions, and the stones of offence which lie in the path of the operation of reason. If Schmid is to retain the expression 'freedom,' he can only regard it as a special kind of necessity.—In the third edition, Schmid modified his treatment of Fatalism, moral evil and blame, in deference to the objections of his reviewers. His views approximated more nearly to those of Kant, though not to those of Reinhold. He himself admits this in the :)

833) A.L.Z. 1795. I. B. No. 64. pp. 509-511. Ueber eine Recension. (An answer to a belated criticism of the second edition, contributed by Jh. Bnj. Erhard, as the author himself states in no. 1302, pp. 35, 48, to the :)

834) A. L. Z. 1795. II, pp. 305-310. (This change, however, was completely unnoticed by the reviewer in the :)

835) I. A. 1796. pp. 120-131. (Here Schmid's views as to freedom are said to have remained essentially the same. There are changes there, but they only render Schmid's ideas still more inconsistent. He assumes, as it were, a freedom above a freedom, in a "schlechthin unabhängiges, unbegreifliches Vermögen, von welchem der Gebrauch oder Wohlgebrauch der moralischen Freiheit in der Erscheinung abhängt." This faculty must operate without any, even any internal compulsion; that is, without laws, at its own will,—since on it rest moral accountability, blame and punishment.—Schmid's doctrine of freedom, but only with reference to the first and second editions, was expounded and disapprovingly criticised in :)

835a) Daub, C.: Darstellung und Beurtheilung der Hypothesen in Betreff der Willensfreiheit. Mit Zustimmung des Verfassers aus dessen Vorlesungen herausgegeben, und mit einigen Zusätzen über die Lehre vom Gewissen, von der Todesstrafe, etc., begleitet von I. C. Kröger. 8vo. Altona. 1834. Hammerich. pp. 146-164. (A summary of no. 832 is :)

836) Schmid, K. Chr. Erh.: Grundriss der Moralphilosophie fürVorlesungen. Large 8vo. Jena. 1793. Cröker. pp. xii, 256. Second edition. 1800. Same place, pp. xvi, 326. (Different arrangement from that of no. 832. (1) Analytic part. Analysis of the phenomena of the common moral life. Development of the simple moral concepts and principles. (2) Synthetic part. Deduction of the moral truths in systematic connexion.—Noticeable, like nos. 832 and 836, for arrangement and clearness, but also for its passion of subdivision, especially according to the scheme of the categories, is no. :)

837) Schmid, K. Chr. Erh.: Grundriss des Naturrechts für Vorlesungen. Large 8vo. Jena and Leipzig. 1795. Gabler. pp. viii, 118.

837a) Schultz, Jh. Cf. no. 561.

837b) Schwab, J. C. Cf. no. 262.

838) Scupin: Ueber den Unterschied zwischen Denken und Erkennen. In the N. Ph. Mg. 1790. I, 4, pp. 437-458. (Necessary for knowledge is