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Rh Arabian Moslems, 113, 138, 140, 148, 156 Arabian peninsula, 31

Arabian Pipe Line, 252

Arabians, 2, 32, 59, 108, 113, 115, 119, 131, 136, 138, 141, 149, 157

Arabic, 26, 31, 32, 62, 78, 123, 129, 133, 138, 141, 143, 144, 155 ff. 166, 189, 193, 199, 226, 231, 244

Arabicization, 127

Arabism, 250

Arabs, 62, 77, 78, 85, 121, 127, 128, 134, 142, 175, 193, 213, 236, 240

Aradus, 35, 53, 54, 67

Aragon, 131

Aral Sea, 135

Aram, 156

Aramaean, 55, 76

Aramaeans, 2, 33, 37, 43, 45, 46, 78, 86, 234

Aramaic, 31, 45, 46, 52, 61, 62, 64, 78, 86, 92, 98, 129, 141, 144

Arcadius, 97

Archimedes, 158

Arian Christianity, 132

Arianism, 99, 100

Aristotelianism, 166

Aristotle, 102, 157

Arms, 99, 102

Aries, 95

Armenia, 62, 128, 164, 196

Armenian, 226

Armenian Christians, 177

Armenians, 11, 40, 45, 63, 101, 203

Arsuf, 181, 187

Arwad, 189

Ascalon, 35, 61, 64, 88, 104, 174, 178

Ashraf, al-, 189, 195, 203

Ashur-nasir-pal, 40

Asia, 3, 21, 28, 45, 63, 68, 85, 201, 218

Asia Minor, 9, 52, 54? 55, 58 63, 85, 86, 116, 121, 128, 157, 174, 175, 211, 213

Assassins, 9, 187, 188

Assemani, 226, see al-Samani

Assyria, 35

Assyrians, 11, 39, 40, 43

Assyro-Babylonian, 31, 87

Atargatis, 45, 62, 87

Atasi, al-, 253

Athanasius, 219

Athens, 98, 101

Athir, ibn-al-, 210

Athlith, 189

Atlantic, 16, 36, 79, 127, 129

Atsiz, 174, 175

Augustus Caesar, 76, 79, 83

Aulus Gabinius, 72

Aurelian, 86

Australia, 234

Austria, 225

Avicenna, 228, see ibn-Sina

Avignon, 134

Awzai, al-, 159

Axis Powers, 247

Aybak, 201

Ayn Jalut, 202

Ayyubids, 182, 186, 187, 201, 206, 210

Aziz, al-, 168, 200

Baal, 38, 63, 94

Baalbek, 12, 13, 78, 87, 89, 92, 110, 159, 162, 167, 181 ff., 200, 220

Babylon, 33, 40, 51, 52, 55, 152

Babylonia, 43, 55, 87

Babylonians, 32, 40

Bactria, 54, 57, 59

Baghdad, 2, 151, 152, 156, 158, 162, 163, 173, 196, 198, 207, 208, 218, 231 Bahris, 202

Bakr, abu-, 109, 110, 113

Baldwin I, 177, 178, 181

Baldwin II, 181

Balfour, 240

Balkans, 213

Balkh, 120, 130

Baluchistan, 130

Bar Hebraeus, 158

Barada, 14, 136

Barmakids, 153

Barquq, 203

Bashan, 70

Bashir II, 224 ff.

Bashir III, 226

Basil, 167

Basrah, 127, 218

Batrun, 35, 178

Bay of Biscay, 135

Bayazid II, 211

Baybars, 3, 187, 188, 195, 198, 202 ff. Rh