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Essay in Political Arithmetick was probably written in Ireland about 1681, but was not sent to press until after Petty came to London in June, 1682. Three years after the first edition, which is dated 1683, there appeared, under a changed title, a "second edition, revised and enlarged." The revision extends only to a few verbal changes which are recorded in the footnotes of this reprint. The enlargement was affected by the addition of the stationer's address to the reader and the "extract of a letter" which are reprinted on pages 453 to 455. Aside from these pages the ensuing text conforms to that of the original edition issued in 1683. The Essay is reviewed in the Journal des Sçavans, 15 Mars, 1683.