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Rh the Church, or from the Apostles; but it is not promised to the Apostles, or to the Church, apart from (seorsum) the head, or with the head,' and afterwards he adds, 'Therefore Peter, even apart from (seorsum) the Church, is infallible.'

Muzzarelli, in his treatise on the primacy and infallibility of the Pontiff, uses the same terms again and again; of which the following is an example. Speaking as in the person of the Pontiff, he says, 'If I separately from a Council propose any truth to be believed by the Universal Church, it is most certain that I cannot err.'

In like manner Mauro Cappellari, afterwards Gregory XVI., affirms that the supreme judge of controversies is the Pontiff, 'distinct and separate from all other Bishops: and that his decree in things of faith ought by them to be held without doubt.'

Lastly, Clement VI., in the fourteenth century, proposed to the Armenians certain interrogations, of which the fourth is as follows:

'Hast thou believed, and dost thou still believe, that the Roman Pontiff alone, can by an authentic