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This Glossary was compiled by a friend for the German edition of "Modern Science and Anarchism," in 1904. I have now revised and extended it for this edition.

Anabaptism, a popular religious movement at the time of the Reformation. This movement was directed against the authority of the Catholic Church, but went much further than that headed by Luther. The Anabaptists preached the full liberty of the individual in religious and moral matters, while in social matters they preached equality and the abolition of private property. They repudiated also all forms of coercion—the oath, the tribunals in the shape of landlords' justice, military service, and all obedience to the Government, which they declared un-Christian. Notice of this movement is usually taken when it began to be prosecuted at Zwickau in 1520. In reality, however, it had its origin in the Wycliff movement of the fourteenth century, and in the movement of the Hussites in Bohemia, at the end of the fourteenth century. Long before Luther had posted his "Theses" on the door of the church of Wittenberg, a movement against the Church, the State, and the Law was brewing among the artisans and the peasants. It represented the left, advanced wing of the Lutheran movement, and in fact gave it its real vigour. During the Great Peasant War (1525), and with the proclamation of the Commune at Leyden by Thomas Münster (1535), the Anabaptists broke out in open rebellion against all established authorities. Both of these rebellions were drowned in blood, thousands of Anabaptists being executed or burned at the stake. Later on, a similar movement was transported by emigrants to England, where it took a much more moderate form. It was also continued in Austria, in Holland, in Russia (through German immigrants), and even in Greenland, taking in all these countries various more or less Communistic forms. (See the German works of Keller, Hase, and Cornelius; and an excellent little English summing-up in Richard Heath's "Anabaptism," 1895.)

Anthropology, a science which studies man: his physical constitution in different climates, his races, his physical development, and the evolution of his institutions and social, moral, and religious conceptions. The