Page:Persian manual pocket companion 1877.djvu/40

 (d) The Ablative, by prefixing to the nominative (singular or plural) the preposition (az).

(e) The Genitive, by the juxtaposition of two substantives ; the thing possessed comes first, with its final letter sounded with kasra, called kasra,e iẓāfat ; thus


 * pisar-i-malik, " the son of the king."


 * 'kitāb-i-pisar-i-malik, " the book

of the king's son." If the governing word ends in or  the Persians use (1)  majhūl with  hamza ; (2) or  hamza alone with  kasra, expressed or understood ; as -


 * or jā,e padar, "the place of

the father."


 * or pā,e mard, "the foot of the man."


 * or rū,e pisar, "the face of the son."


 * or bū,e gul, " the scent of the

rose."

In practice, when majhul is used,  hamza is suppressed; as  pā,e mard;  rū,e pisar.

If the governing word ends with the obscure (h), or the long vowel  (ī or e), the Persians