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Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011  House, 1964), 176–177; and in John Norton Moore, "The Lawfulness of Military Assistance to the Republic of Viet Nam,", Vol 61, No. 1, January, 1967), 3 (n.7). CIA, Memo for Record, 8 Feb 1957, on the Soviet UN proposal of 24 January 1957.

62., ., 272

63., 334

64. ., Bain, ., 54–78; Hoang, op. cit., XIV, XV; Fall,, ., 4–6, 16–19. Even the name of the country reflects the turmoil of its history. Gia Long called his empire (South Viet). Since the Dai Viet were ethnically related to the people of Kwang-si and Kwang-tung, the Chinese decided that the name implied an irredenta, and reversed the name to. Up to 1945, Gia Long's successors used the more pretentious name  (Great South), but only internally, when the DRV revived "Vietnam."

65. Pike, ., 48.

66. Bernard Fall, ., (New York: Signet, 1968), 242. (Hereafter cited as "Signet Edition")

67. Quoted in Pike, ., 67.

68. ., J. J. Zasloff, (Santa Monica: Rand Corporation, August, 1966, RM-4703-ISA/ARPA), 25–26; Central Intelligence Agency,  (2 February 1956) SECRET. The former speculates based on interviews with POVs and defectors, but reaches conclusions similar to those of the latter. A like 1954 estimate by the U.S. Army Attache, Saigon, is included in (7 October 1954), 6.

69. Fall,, ., 302.

70. Some 1,000 Chinese advisers entered North Vietnam; hundreds of Vietnamese were trained in China; and a steadily increasing stream of war material, variously estimated at 400 to 4,000 tons per month, flowed south from China: Central Intelligence Agency, "Probable Developments in Indochina through mid-1954 " (NIE-91, June 4, 1953) SECRET; Memorandum, OSD, Robert H. B. Wade to Brig. Gen. Bonesteel, April 13, 1954, (SECRET). J. J. Zasloff, "The Role of the Sanctuary in Insurgency: Communist China's Support of the Vietminh, 1946–1954," (Santa Monica: RAND, RM-4618-PR, May 1967),.

71. Hammer, ., 331–337.

72. NIS 43C, 32–35. Rh