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 248 (1986). "[T]he mere existence of factual issues -- where those issues are not material to the claims before the court -- will not suffice to defeat a motion for summary judgment." , 758 F.2d 839, 840 (2d Cir. 1985).

For a dispute to be genuine, there must be more than "metaphysical doubt." , 475 U.S. 574, 586 (1986). "If the evidence is merely colorable, or is not significantly probative, summary judgment may be granted." , 477 U.S. at 249-50 (citations omitted).


 * II.

There are two elements to a copyright infringement claim: "(1) ownership of a valid copyright; and (2) copying of constituent elements of the work that are original." , 499 U.S. 340, 361 (1991);, 105 F.3d 99, 103 (2d Cir. 1997). Defendants challenge both elements of Plaintiffs' copyright infringement claim.


 * A.