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Rh [See pp. 31 and 334, and note 34.]

[Kazimierz Malachowski (1765—1845); he lived to share in the insurrection of 1831. Compare note 35.]

[Romuald Giedrojc (1750—1824); in 1812 he organised the army in Lithuania.]

[Michal Grabowski (1773—1812), killed at the siege of Smolensk.]

A book now very rare, published more than a hundred years ago by Stanislaw Czerniecki.

That embassy to Rome has been often described and painted. See the preface to The Perfect Cook: “This embassy, being a great source of amazement to every western state, redounded to the wisdom of the incomparable gentleman [Ossolinski] as well as to the splendour of his house and the magnificence of his table—so that one of the Roman princes said: ‘To-day Rome is happy in having such an ambassador.’” N.B.—Czerniecki himself was Ossolinski's head cook. [The information given by Mickiewicz does not quite agree with that furnished by Estreicher, Bibliografia Polska (Cracow, 1896), xiv. 566, 567. Czerniecki was apparently the head cook of Lubomirski, Wojewoda of Cracow, etc., not of Ossolinski.]

[Karol Radziwill (1734—90), called My-dear-friend from a phrase that he constantly repeated, the richest magnate of his time in Poland and one immensely popular among the gentry, led a gay and adventurous life. In 1785 he entertained King Stanislaw at Nieswiez; this reception cost him millions.]

[Compare p. 177 and note 128.]

[The festival of the Annunciation, March 25.]

In Lithuania, on the entrance of the French and Polish armies, confederacies were formed in each wojewodeship and deputies to the Diet were elected.

It is a well-known fact that at Hohenlinden the Polish corps led by General Kniaziewicz decided the victory. [At Hohenlinden in Bavaria the French under Moreau defeated the Austrians, December 3, 1800; compare p. 334.]

[See p. 335.]

[A brand of deep disgrace. The Chamberlain is of course quoting from the Latin text of the law.]

[Militem (soldier) here signifies a full-fledged gentleman, of ancient lineage. Skartabell (a word of uncertain etymology) was a term applied to a newly created noble, who was not yet entitled to all the privileges of his order.]

[The Constitution of May 3, 1791 (see p. 333), conferred many political rights on the inhabitants of the Polish cities and took the peasants "under the protection of the law," though it did not set them free.]

[See p. 332.]

[See note 28.]