Page:Palæolithic Man and Terramara Settlements in Europe.djvu/442

332 head (No. 24). Portions of greenish vitreous paste are also noted.

'The following animals were identified among the osseous remains :—stag, ox, goat, sheep, horse, and pig.

Not only as regards the relics, but also in internal structure, the terramara stations, on the north of the Po have been shown to be identical with those on the south side. This we have already seen to be the case by the admirable description of Casale Zaffanella by Parazzi. But the point was first established by the indefatigable researches of Chierici, who, in 1881, along with a few other antiquaries, explored the stations at Bellanda and Villa Cappella, in the commune of Gazzoldo, about 10 miles west of Mantua. Here all the characteristic features of the terremare, so far as they were then known, viz., the surrounding dyke, palafitte, and orientation were clearly established (B. 1 29 (a)).

Castellaccio.

The best investigated terramara in the Bologna district is that at Castellaccio, about mile to the south of Imola. The deposits repose on an isolated elevation on the right bank of the river Santerno, and rising nearly 120 feet above its bed ; but on it there are no remains of ancient stone buildings, as the name would seem to imply. The hill is of yellowish sand, belonging to the upper Pliocene. Scarabelli, who in 1887 published an illustrated monograph of its peculiarities and the antiquities found on it (B. 149), states that piles were numerous, though many had disappeared by decomposition, only traces of their holes being then detected. Some of the piles were large, measuring over a foot in diameter, and they were placed irregularly. No less than twenty-six hearths were met with at different levels, and those on the same level were from 4 to 6|- metres apart.

The peculiarity of this terramara is that its antiquities would appear to belong to both the Stone and Bronze Ages. The flint implements included about twenty roughly chipped tools like scrapers, some badly made arrow-points, and saws resembling those found in the palafittes in the Mincio. Altogether two hundred and sixteen worked flints and about six hundred chips and cores were collected, some polished stone axes, together with four portions of perforated implements.