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102 Copenhagen (1869), Bologna (1871), Brussels (1872), Stockholm (1874), Buda-Pesth (1876), Lisbon (1880), Paris (1889), Moscow (1892), Paris (1900), Monaco (1906), and Geneva (1912). The published proceedings of these Congresses contain the most complete records of the progress of the science, especially as regards Europe. After the cloud of scepticism which enveloped its early and evolutionary stages had been swept aside, anthropology found a footing at the British Association, at first as a sectional department, but since 1884 it became expedient to devote a special section for the exclusive consideration of its doctrines. At the same time it cannot be denied that the negative side of the evolution problem, which had so long found a refuge among religious bodies under the false assumption that their views had the imprimatur of the Biblical narrative of creation, had still its advocates for it seems that no amount of evidence can eradicate the rooted objections of some persons to the doctrine of evolution. As a comment on the disputations of earlier years, on the supposed simian characters of the Neanderthal and Canstadt skulls, I may quote the following remarks by the late Professor Virchow at a meeting of the C.A.P. held at Moscow in 1892 :—

Virchow on "Neanderthal and Canstadt Skulls."

The difficulty of discovering and correctly interpreting the phenomena of fossil man is a poor apology for the readiness with which anthropologists admit into their speculations so many objects of doubtful authenticity. It seems to me that it was in defiance of all scientific methods and rules of correct