Page:Over fen and wold; (IA overfenwold00hissiala).pdf/47

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the spot where a number of the slain were buried. Hertfordshire is also rendered, as now generally pronounced, "Hartfordshire," so perhaps it is the spelling, not the pronunciation, that has changed. A wonderful production is this old map, for in the apparently sparsely populated country around the then moderate-sized city of London each church tower is pictured in miniature; even solitary houses, including numerous farmsteads, are so shown; tiny drawings of windmills abound; and on the rivers, wheels are marked here and there, evidently intended to point out the position of sundry water-mills; bridges over the rivers are infrequent, but fords across and ferries over them are plentiful; now and again one is reminded of other days and other ways by a dot, inscribed above or below, simply but sufficiently "The Gallows"—a familiar but gruesome spectacle, the reality of which must often have been forced on the unwelcome sight of past-time travellers, and possibly haunted the memories and dreams of the more nervous amongst them for long afterwards. Even at one lonely place the map condescends to place a solitary tree with the title "Half-way Tree." On the little river Wandle several water-mills are shown, most of which bear merely names, but sometimes is added the kind of mill. I note on this same short stream the following kinds: "Iron mill," "copper mill," "pouder mill," and one "brasile mill," whatever that may be. On the river Lea I find a "paper mill," but that is the only one of the sort I can discover, though "pouder" mills abound. The latter perhaps were called into requisition by the