Page:Outlines of Physical Chemistry - 1899.djvu/88

 ��OUTLINES OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

��The atomic volumes adopted in this new system are :

��dig • • •

C •. •

n ... O intra-radical.

��O extra-radical.

��At 15°0.

��Remarks

��15-97 at 0°, 1713 at 100°C.

��Oxygen doubly linked to carbon, either to one carbon atom or to two different carbon atoms.

This value becomes 0*4 when OH is fixed on to a carbon atom to which a doubly linked oxygen atom is attached, or when the neigh- bouring carbon atom has a hy- droxyl attached to it.

��From the study of a large number of series of organic liquids of very different natures (chlorides, bromides, iodides, nitriles, ethers, acid chlorides, anhydrides, sul- phides, amines, &c.) Trcmbe has deduced the following atomic volumes more or less approximately :

��S (sulphhydryl, sulpho-

��The following numbers must be deducted to allow for ring formation and double and treble linking :

��For a hexamethylene ring For a double linkage. For a treble linkage. For a benzene ring. 13-2 = (- 8-1 + (3 x -1*7)).

��By means of these" values (more or less corrected if the density of the substance has been taken at a temperature

��The constant a having the same value (^3) as for gases, we see that the idea of absolute temperature can be deduced from the properties of liquids and solids as well as from those of gases.

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