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 124 Outlines of European History Fig. 67. Restoration of the Castle AND Palace of Tiryns. (After Luck- ENBACH) Unlike the Cretan palaces, this dwelling of an yEgean prince is massively fortified. A ris- ing road {A) leads up to the main gate {B), where the great walls are double. An assault- ing party bearing their shields on the left arm must here (C, D) march with the exposed right side toward the city. By" the gate [E) the visi- tor arrives in the large court {F) on which the palace faces. The main entrance of the pal- ace {G) leads to its forecourt {H), where the excavators found the place of the household altar of the king (p. 144). Behind the forecourt {H) is the main hall of the palace (/). This' was the earliest castle in Europe with outer walls of stone. The villages of the common people clustered about the foot of the castle hill. The whole formed the nucleus of a city-state (p. 130) in the plain of Argos (see Plate II, p. 124) the scattered tribes of the Indo-Euro- pean parent people until their diverging migrations finally ranged them in a line from the Atlan- tic Ocean to north- ern India (p. 87 and Fig. 49). While their eastern kin- dred were drifting southward on the east side of the Cas- pian toward India, the Greeks on the west side of the Black Sea were like- wise moving south- ward from their broad pastures along the Danube. Driving their herds before them, with their families in rough carts drawn by horses, the rude Greek tribesmen must have looked out upon the fair pastures of Thes- saly, the snowy sum- mit of Olympus (Fig. 69), and the blue waters of the