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Rh affairs in their own way. They have never excommunicated the Patriarchists: on the contrary, they are ready at any moment to restore intercommunion with them (of course, on their own terms). It is not their fault that they are so monstrously persecuted, but they cannot and will not stand the sort of treatment they received before 1870. They wring their hands at these unhappy feuds, but it is some comfort to know that they are not their fault. As far as one can foresee the future, however, it seems certain that eventually the Phanar will have to give in in this case, as it has had to in all the others.

This is the communion of the Orthodox Ruthenians and all other Orthodox in Austria. In 1775 Bukovina was added to the Austrian House-lands. The Orthodox Bishop of this country sat at Radautz; in 1781 he moved his throne to Czernovitz, the civil capital, but still kept the title Metropolitan of Radautz. For a time this bishop, like all the Orthodox in the Monarchy, was subject to the See of Carlovitz. But in 1873, as part of the general administrative reforms that more exactly divided Austria and her tributary States (Cisleitanien) from the Hungarian half (Transleitanien), and also because since the separation of Hermannstadt the Church of Carlovitz had become a purely Servian Communion, the Government agreed to join all the Orthodox in Cisleitanien in a separate and independent body. The head of this body (under Christ and the seven councils) is the Metropolitan of Czernovitz in Bukovina, and under him the two Dalmatian Bishops of Zara and Cattaro. Under this hierarchy stands the Orthodox