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 A HAWAIIAN LABOR CONTRACT 75 the employ of the Northwesterners and set a precedent for future importations under the H. B. C. regime. In 1824 a number of Hawaiians took part in the McMillan expedition ordered by Governor Simpson to explore the coast from Astoria to the mouth of the Fraser river. 7 Numbers of the Hawaiians continued in Oregon as boatmen, laborers, gardeners, millmen, 8 miners, 9 cooks and at least one preacher. An abundant pioneer literature refers to them as acting in these vocations, either as em- ployees of the Hudson's Bay Company, or as independent citizens. 10 7 Bancroft, Northwest Coast, II, p. 464. 8 Ross, Adventures of the First Settlers on the Oregon and Columbia River. (1843). Ross mentions their suffering from cold. The H. B. C. sawmill in 1838 used 28 men, chiefly Kanakas, (Sen. Doc, 25 Cong., 2nd sess., Vol. 5, doc. 470; Je. 6, 1838. 9 "Mining Laws of Jackson County. " Ore. Hist. Quarterly, XXIII, p. 139, n. 3. 10 Nisgually Journal," in Washington Historical Quarterly, 1920, ff . , passim. (ii)Deady, History of Oregon, MS. in Bancroft Library, U . of Calif. (iii) Harvey, Life of Dr. John McLoughlin, MS. Bancroft Library. (iv) Anderson, "Vancouver Reservation Case," in Oregon Historical Quarterly, VIII, p . 223. (v) Hodge, Handbook of American Indians, I, p. 539. This gives a mention to the Hawaiian (Kanaka) influence. The above are some of the more important sources in the bibliography I have collected on the subject. —G. V. B.