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RESERVATION POLICY PACIFIC NORTHWEST 27

outrages committed by Indians on whites have not been taken into account by those who bleat about the 'poor Indian'." 62

The new Indian policy adopted, in 1854, for the Pacific Northwest, was thus, put into effect by the negotiation of fifteen treaties. These provided for the cession of the greater part of the region; furnished reservations as homes for the Indians ; and supplied twenty annual appropriations of, ap- proximately, five hundred thousand dollars each, for the pur- pose of aiding the natives in becoming a settled people. This peaceful method of solving the problem did not satisfy some of the Indians, who, when settlers began moving into the interior in the fall of 1855, instigated a war, which, although it did not change the policy of the government, delayed the ratification of the majority of the treaties until 1859.

MAP I.

INLAND LAND CESSIONS PRIOR TO THE YAKIMA WAR, 1855. !

No. 1. 312 Treaty with the Rogue River, 1853; negotiated

September 10, 1853, ratified April 12, 1854. No. 2. 313 Treaty with the Umpqua-Cow Creek Band,

1853; negotiated September 19, 1853. ratified

April 12, 1854. No. 3. 343 Treaty with the Chasta, etc., 1854; negotiated

November 15, 1854, ratified March 3, 1855. No. 4. 344 Treaty with the Umpqua and Kalapuya, 1854;

negotiated November 29, 1854, ratified March

3, 1855. No. 5. 345 Treaty with the Nisqualli, Puyallup, etc., 1854;

negotiated December 26, 1854, ratified March

3, 1855. No. 12. 352 Treaty with the Kalapuya, etc., / #55 /negotiated

January 22, 1855, ratified March 3, 1855.

62 Swan op., cit., p. 429.

Note The numbers designate either a cession, a region occupied by the gov- ernment without a cession, a reservation, or a change in a reservation. The first numbers are consecutive for the Pacific Northwest. The second numbers are those adopted by Royce, Indian Land Cessions in the United States.