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OREGON NORMAL SCHOOLS 143

"The principles and motives of self-government are faith- fully presented. Students are taught to be ladies and gentle- men. . . . Each student will be expected to subordinate every other interest to his regular school duties. Profanity, gambling, the use of intoxicating liquors, visiting saloons, at- tending public balls at any time, or private dancing parties except at the end of terms, carrying concealed weapons, smoking cigarettes . . . are prohibited . . . Students will be expected to be in their rooms early in the evening, and not lounge about the stores or on the streets. Students of the opposite sex must on no account visit each others' rooms. Any forgetfulness will call for immediate criticism and warning/'

Literary societies were popular at all schools. "Rhetoricals were compulsory, or as the catalogues put it:

"The faculty encourages literary work in every way possible. A student has the choice of performing his rhetoricals before the school or before the society. We prefer that it be done in the society."

The Zamzamian society was active during the history of the Drain normal. Monmouth had five literaries: two for men and three for women. The Hesperians and the Vespertines date back to Christian College days. Other societies were named the Websterians, Orios, Normals, Invincibles, and the Delphians. Faculty members often appeared on the programs : Professor Orcutt at the meeting of the Zamzamians, April 4, 1902, giving a "brilliant talk on recent revelations of the mysteries of the North Pole, and the future developments to take place in that region." Mrs. O. C. Brown gave a "talk" on "What the Legislature Has Done." Songs, readings, recita- tions, debates and "talks" made up the programs. 44

The students were usually given good grades. An analysis

among which were the following:

"That he be diligent in study, punctual in attendance at the calling of the morning roll, recitation, examination, and all other college exercises, and that he render a valid and satisfactory reason to the proper officers for any delinquency on his part.

"That he go not beyond the immediate precinct of the village without the permission of the president or faculty.

"That he neither keep in his possession nor use firearms, a dirk, a bowie knife, or any other kind of a deadly weapon.

"The bell shall be rung each evening at a stated hour, when all students will be required to retire to their respective rooms to study."

44 Two typical literary programs given by the Vespertines of Monmouth in 1911 follow.