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The Pioneer Stimulus of Gold 165

Kootenai River (British Columbia), 1863; Finley's Creek; Wild Horse Creek.i<» Deer Lodge River (Montana), 1862}^ Alder Gulch (Montana), 1863}^

Last Chance Gulch (Montana), 1864; Oro Fino; Grizzly .^^ Upper Columbia River (British Columbia), 186S.i^ Heavy shipments of gold dust were made to and from Port- land. This gold came mostly from the Clearwater and the Salmon River mines. The ocean steamer Pacific, sailing for San Francisco, October 11, 1861, took $172,904 in gold. This steamer sailed again December 12, 1861, with $141,820 of gold. The Oregonian, on January 18, 1862, estimated the influx of gold dust into Portland in 1861 at $3,000,000. The river steamer Julia arrived at Portland April 28, 1862, with $100,000 in gold dust. The Carrie Ladd, on May 20,

1862, arrived with $175,000; again on June 25, 1862, this steamer brought $200,000 to Portland. The ocean steamer Tenino sailed August 5, 1862, with $200,000. The ocean steamer Sierra Nez'ada carried from Portland to San Fran- cisco $500,000, sailing October 27, 1862. The Pacific sailed with $250,000 on November 26, 1862. Later treasure ships may be noted as follows: Sierra Nevada, August 24, 1863,^ $195,000; Brother Jonathan, September 25, 1863, $315,000; Sierra Nevada, October 5, 1863, $236,751 ; Brother Jonathan, October 12, 1863, $203,835; Sierra N^evada, November 13,

1863, $500,000; Oregon, December 4, 1863, $750,000; Oregon, June 2, 1864, $330,000; John L. Stephens, June 27, 1864, $515,649; Pacific, July 5, 1864, $213,899; Oregon, August 3,

1864, $321,000; Pacific, August 21, 1864, $366,465; Sierra Nevada, December 2, 1864, $517,250; Brotlier Jonathan, Octo- ber 28, 1864, $500,000; November 15, 1864, $339,000.

The total assays of gold at Portland in September, October

105 For details of the Kootenai mines, see The Oreeonian, December 15, 1863; May 14. 1864; February 7, 1865; June 17, 1864: May 27, 1864; October,

13, 1864: Trimble's Mining Advance, pp. 56-59.

106 For details of the Deer Lodge dirangs, see The Oregontan, AuRUSt

14, 1862; Trimble's Mining Advance, pp. 79-80.

107 See Bancroft's Montana, pp. 629-30.

108 Ibid., p. 721; Trimble* s Mining Advance, p. 82.

109 Sec Trim Die's Mining Advance^ pp 56-60.