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PLACE OF RIVER IN NORTHWEST HISTORY 195

low a rate from Eastern points as Spokane, Seattle, Tacoma or Portland. This handicap so long borne by the people of this country, should cease as the wholesale centers will no longer be controlled by transcontinental railway traffic agreements the river and the sea cannot be pooled.

What the open river will mean to the individual will depend on how wisely and well he adjusts himself to the larger com- mercial and civic unit which the, opening of this river brings.

NOTE. The Missions alluded to by Prof. Talkington on pages 184-185 were established as follows: The Methodist Mission, Rev. Jason Lee, Superintendent, about ten miles north of Salem, on the bank of the Willamette River. October, 1834. The Mission of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (this Board was organized by Congregationalists in 1810, but received aid from Presbyterian and Dutch Reformed Churches from 1826 to 1845), with Dr. Marcus Whitman in charge, assisted by Rev. H. H. Spalding, located one station at Wai-al-at-pu, six miles west of the present city of Walla Walla, Washington, October, 1836, afterwards known as the Whitman Mission, and another station at Lapwai, commonly known as the Spalding Mission, in the same month. The

Erinting press spoken of was sent to Dr. Whitman by the native church of Hono- alu, organized by the American Board Mission there, and by him sent to Mr. Spalding. It was first used on May 18, 1839, by Edward O. Hall, a printer, who was sent with the press to Oregon from Honolulu, in printing in the Nez Perce language the Gospel of Matthew, hymns, primers, etc., translated by Mrs. Spalding, Edward Rogers and Mrs. Whitman. After the Whitman Massacre, November 29-30, 1847, this press was sent to The Dalles. Early in 1848 it was sent to Rev. John S. Griffin, Hillsboro, Oregon, a brother-in-law of Mr. Spalding, who used it that year in issuing a monthly publication for eight months. In May, 1875, the press was presented by Mr. Griffin through J. Quinn Thornton to the State of Oregon, and by authority of the State officials transferred to the Oregon His- torical Society in January, 1900. George H. Himes, Assistant Secretary.