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out and surveyed, by him, as one for a railroad, was largely followed by the Northern Pacific. A biography, by his son, Hazard Stevens, is a meritorious book: Life of Isaac Ingalls Stevens, Houghton Mifflin & Company, 1900. For a prospectus of Stevens' railroad surveys, see the Oregonian, July 16, 1853; progress of the surveys, ibid., October 1, 22, 1853. Stevens visited the eastern states in 1854. He left Portland March 29, 1854. His report on his council with the Blackfeet, dated June 8, 1854, appears, ibid., July 29, 1854. Fort Stevens, in Oregon, was named for him by Captain George H. Elliot, United States Engineers, who built the fortifications there and at Cape Disappointment in 1864, ibid., September 21, 1864. Fort UMPQUA, Douglas County. This was a United States military establishment, not to be confused with Hudson's Bay Company forts of the same name. Fort Umpqua was established July 28, 1856. See OHQ, volume XXXVI, page 59. It was one of three forts set up to watch over the Indians at Grand Ronde and Siletz agencies. The other two were Fort Yamhill and Fort Hoskins. A letter in the Bancroft Library, University of California, dated Umpqua City, March 20, 1862, with a signature that seems to be J. V. Cateley, says that the post was built to accommodate two companies of soldiers, but on that date had but one lieutenant and 22 men. The post was at the same place as the community and post office of Umpqua City, about two miles north of the mouth of the river, on the west bank, not far from what is now known as Army Hill. Walling, in History of Southern Oregon, page 438, says that in the summer of 1862 a paymaster visited the fort and found all the officers, commissioned and non-commissioned, away on a hunting trip. As the result of this episode, the post was abandoned.

FORT VANNOY, Josephine County. Fort Vannoy was one of the more important posts used by Oregon volunteer troops during the Rogue River War of 1855-56. James T. Chinnock of Grants Pass has furnished the compiler with the following information: "Fort Vannoy was on the north bank of Rogue River about four miles west of what is now Grants Pass, near the northwest corner of section 21, township 36 south, range 6 west, on the Margaret Vannoy donation land claim adjoining the James N. Vannoy claim. Vannoy was a pioneer of 1851 and established a ferry in that year. A man named Long operated a ferry a little below this point in 1850. Fort Vannoy was in no sense a fortification, but a headquarters camp for the volunteers of the 1855-56 Indian War. It was probably established in late October or November, 1855. The exact location cannot be determined, because there are no marks remaining. There was a group of log houses, and possibly some defense, such as log breastworks or a low stockade hastily constructed. The word fort seems to have been used for any place where the settlers gathered for mutual protection rather than for a place fortified. Fort Vannoy was important because it was used for headquarters as well as for settlers' refuge. The land is now owned by C. H. Eismann." A good article about Fort Vannoy, writted by James T. Chinnock, is in Grants Pass Courier, August 8, 1942. Fort WILLIAM, Columbia and Multnomah counties. Fort William was established on Sauvie Island by Nathaniel J. Wyeth, and occupied two sites. The first was near Warrior Point, where the fort was established temporarily in the autumn of 1834. Wyeth wrote on