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summit of the Cascade Range. It has an elevation of 6535 feet. It was named because of the emigrants that traveled over the emigrant route nearby.

EMIGRANT BUTTES, Umatilla County. These buttes are west of Stanfield, and have an elevation of 759 feet. They are close to the route of the Oregon Trail, and were named for the emigrants.

EMIGRANT CREEK, Jackson County. Emigrant Creek is southeast of Ashland and is supposed to be so named because emigrants who crossed the Cascade Range over the southern route came down this stream into Rogue River Valley.

EMIGRANT HILL, Umatilla County. Emigrant Hill is a very prominent ridge of the Blue Mountains, southeast of Pendleton. The Oregon Trail traverses this hill as it proceeds westward, then descends to the northwest to Umatilla River. Emigrant Hill is sometimes referred to as Cabbage Hill, but Cabbage Hill is a spur south from the main hill, and the Oregon Trail does not touch Cabbage Hill. Geography of this locality may be found on the USGS map of the Pendleton quadrangle. Emigrant Hill was of couse named in pioneer days because the emigrant trains traveled over it.

EMIGRANT SPRINGS, Sherman County. Giles L. French of Moro was good enough to dig up some facts about this place in December, 1945. Emigrant Springs are of good size and situated in section 27, township 2 north, range 18 east, in the northeast corner of Sherman County. The Oregon Trail passed through the area about a half mile south of these springs, but many wagons pulled down the canyon and camped at the springs where the water was good. Some emigrants camped there several days to refresh their stock. A post office called Emigrant was established in this vicinity on January 20, 1887, with William J. Peddiсord first postmaster. The name was changed to Emigrant Springs on June 29, 1889, and the office was closed June 12, 1895. The record indicates that the office was at or near the springs after the name was changed, but before that it may have been at the springs or in fact on the Oregon Trail. It should be added that the office was on the Wasco County list when first established.

EMMA, Tillamook County. Emma post office was in service for about six years at a point on Neskowin Creek about five miles southeast of the present community Neskowin. The office was named for Emma Chitwood, a local resident, and the name Emma Trail was applied to a route of travel from what is now Otis over the mountain to Emma, where settlers on lower Salmon River got their mail until they had their own post office at Otis in April, 1900. Emma post office was established December 16, 1896, with John D. Chitwood first postmaster. The office was closed February 26, 1903, and the business was turned over to Neskowin.

EMPIRE, Coos County. Empire City, as it was first known, was founded in 1853 by men from Jacksonville, called the Coos Bay Company, headed by Peter B. Marple. For a list of members of this company, see Scott's History of the Oregon Country, volume III, page 161. The name Empire City was suggested by the expectation that the town would be the center of a large region. Discovery of gold in northern California and southwestern Oregon led to the formation of the project, and stock in the company was offered for sale in the Oregonian, January 7, 1854. Empire City was formerly county seat of Coos County. A custom