Page:Oregon Geographic Names, third edition.djvu/132



2. Adams, latitude 45 degrees, 10 minutes [Hood]; 3. Jefferson, latitude 44 degrees, 30 minutes (Jefferson); 4. Madison, 43 degrees, 50 minutes [Three Sisters]; 5. Monroe, 43 degrees, 20 minutes (Diamond); 6. John Quincy Adams, 42 degrees, 10 minutes [McLoughlin); 7. Jackson, 41 degrees, 40 minutes [Shasta].". Farnham's Travels in the Great Western Prairies was published in 1843. Page 96 (New York edition) describes the Presidents Range and its several peaks. Farnham mentions ten peaks south of the 49th parallel (Canadian boundary). "Five of these latter have received names from British navigators and traders. The other five have received from an American traveler, Mr. Kelley, the names of deceased Presidents of the Republic. Mr. Kelly, I believe, was the first individual who suggested a name for the whole range. For convenience in description I have adopted it. And although it is a matter in which no one can find reasons for being very much interested, yet if there is any propriety in adopting Mr. Kelley's name for the whole chain, there might seem to be as much in following his suggestion that all the principal peaks should bear the names of those distinguished men ... I have adopted this course." Farnham's names and positions, together with modern names, are: Mount Tyler, 49 degrees Mount Madison [Three Sis[Baker] ters] Mount Harrison (Rainier] Mount Monroe, 43 degrees 20 Mount Van Buren [Olympus] minutes [Diamond] Mount Adams, 45 degrees Mount Quincy Adams, 42 de[Adams] grees, 10 minutes [McMount Washington [Hood] Loughlin] Mount Jefferson, 411/2 degrees Mount Jackson, 41 degrees, 10 (Jefferson] minutes (Shasta] Some of Farnham's positions, as well as those of Kelley, are widely erroneous, yet it is surprising that they are as good as they are. Farnham's position for Mount Jefferson is obviously a typographical error for 441% degrees, otherwise it does not fit the sequence. The latitudes of both authors are generally too low. These presidential names were started by Kelley, and were confused by later writers who adopted his names but not his locations. In this way, difference of names appears as to Mount Adams, Mount Saint Helens, Mount Hood and other peaks. The original names remain with Mounts Hood, Saint Helens, Rainier, Baker and Jefferson; otherwise with Adams, Three 'Sisters, McLoughlin and Shasta. John Work, in his journal (OHQ, volume X, pages 308-09, by T. C. Elliott), calls Mount Adams Mount Saint Helen, Mount Saint Helens Mount Rainier, and Mount Rainier Mount Baker. The name Cascades was first that of the narrows of the Columbia River, which yet bears the title. This name for the Columbia River narrows is used commonly by writers as far back as the Astor expedition. In the Cushing supplemental report, referred to above as containing the Kelley memoir, there is also a memoir of Nathaniel J. Wyeth, dated February 4, 1839, which uses the name Cascade mountains. In Greenhow's History of Oregon and California, the name Far-West mountains is suggested. See also Bancroft's History of Oregon, volume s to Mohe original njefferson; work, in his journis