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the Cascade locks see the Oregonian, January 1, 1895, page 8. The locks were completed November 5, 1896. The community was named for the locks. Scott's History of the Oregon Country, volume III, page 190, gives a detailed history of the various aids to transportation developed at this point. The locks were submerged early in 1938 as a result of the construction of Bonneville Dam, but the town was not disturbed.

CASCADE RANGE. The Cascade Range is the great mountain backbone of Oregon and Washington, and divides both states into separate climatic and geographic provinces. Probably the first attempt at a name for the range was by the Spaniard, Manuel Quimper, 1790, who roughly mapped it as Sierras Nevadas de S. Antonio. In 1792 George Vancouver, the English explorer, gave names to a number of the most prominent peaks, but referred to the range as "snowy range," "ridge of snowy mountains," or "range of rugged mountains." Lewis and Clark, 1805-1806, mention the named peaks and frequently refer in general terms to the range of mountains. Lewis wrote: "The range of western mountains are covered with snow," and Clark wrote: "Western mountains covered with snow." (Thwaites' Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, volume IV, pages 313 and 305-306.) "Western Mountains" is the nearest to a name for the range adopted by Lewis and Clark. John Work, of the Hudson's Bay Company, wrote in December, 1824: "A ridge of high mountains covered with snow." (Washington Historical Quarterly, vol. ume III, pages 213, 215.) David Douglas, the botanist, in writing his journal had great need of a name for these mountains and he seems to have been the first one to use the name "Cascade." He refers again and again to the "Cascade Mountains" or "Cascade Range of Mountains." (Journal Kept by David Douglas, 1823-1827, pages 221-222, 252, 257, 342.) Douglas does not claim to have originated the name for the range, and earlier use of it may yet come to light. William A. Slacum's report, 1836-1837, says the mountains called "Klannet range, from the Indians of that name." (OHQ, volume XIII, page 201.) Hall J. Kelley, early enthusiast of the Oregon country, who is sometimes referred to as "The Boston School. master," sought in a memoir (1839), to change the names of the great peaks by calling them after former presidents of the United States and to christen the range "Presidents range." The Wilkes Expedition, 1841, charted the mountains as Cascade Range. Kelley's memoir is in 25th Congress, 3rd Session, House Report 101, Supplemental Report, dated February 16, 1839, page 47. The original report, dated January 4, 1839, is generally referred to as the Cushing report and the supplement of February 16, 1839, is an addition. Kelley's memoir is listed as Appendix 0, and is dated Boston, January 31, 1839. It was addressed to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of which Caleb Cushing of Massachusetts was chairman. On pages 53-54 Kelley says: "The eastern section of the district referred to is bordered by a mountain range, running nearly parallel to the spine of the Rocky Mountains and to the coast, and which, from the number of its elevated peaks, I am inclined to call the Presidents' range." In a footnote Kelley adds: "These isolated and remarkable cones, which are now called among the hunters of the Hudson's Bay Company by other names, I have christened after our ex-Presidents, viz: on pag bordered Mountalam inclined an 1. Washington, latitude 46 degrees, 15 minutes (Saint Helens or Adams];