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 already been made, and a number of valley cities have power dams along the water-courses. It is an important grazing area. Lumbering flourishes, and immense stands of timber still await the saw. Of the 13,788,802 acres of national forests in Oregon, more than one-third are in the Cascade Region. The two most important agricultural districts are Hood River County, in the extreme north, with its famous irrigated apple orchards, and Klamath County, in the extreme south, prolific in potatoes, barley, and dairy products. Increasing accessibility has caused extensive use of the region as a playground. Being near to Portland, Mount Hood is the main focus of recreation, although Crater Lake, the Three Sisters, and other attractive natural areas are becoming increasingly popular. The Klamath lakes and marshes are famous shooting grounds, and the Pacific Crest Trail along the backbone of the Cascades is a notable hiking and saddle route. Climate and rainfall vary with the slope and altitude. Klamath Falls and Hood River are the principal cities.

The Deschutes-Columbia Region is a great interior plateau between the Cascade Range and the Blue Mountains. Most of the northern boundary is the Columbia River. The entire course of the Deschutes River and most of the John Day River are within its boundaries. It is a country of rolling hills, interspersed with level stretches of valley and upland. It is situated in the great Columbia lava flow, said to be the largest and deepest in existence. Canyon walls, from fifteen hundred to two thousand feet in height, reveal as many as twenty superimposed flows. The climate is dry and hot in summer, moderately cold in winter, and the region has from ten to twenty inches of annual rainfall. Irrigation is practiced wherever conditions warrant, but dry farming predominates. The wide uncultivated sections support large herds of sheep and cattle. There are some magnificent pine forests, mostly in the foothills, and regional lumbering operations are carried on. The few towns are supported largely by trade in livestock and agricultural commodities, and by the manufacture of flour, lumber, and woolen products. There are several good highways, along with two main railroad lines and a number of branch lines. The Dalles, Bend, and Pendleton are the principal towns.

The Blue-Wallowa Region is an area of about twenty thousand square miles in the northeastern part of the state, with two great mountain masses—the Blue Mountains, with the reverse L of the Strawberry Range, and the Wallowa Mountains. The Blue Mountain section consists of rolling terrain, covered with park-like stands of timber; the