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 installed on ships and on shore to repair instruments and carry out test analyses (Reference C.9.206, p. I-(B)-7).

In addition, CROSSROADS posed other problems (Reference A.1, pp. 20 through 23):


 * Scientific resources were declining from wartime peaks


 * The number of nontechnical Service personnel was diminishing


 * Civilian scientists participating from universities were insistent upon returning by early September


 * Army and Navy budgets were expected to become smaller after the war


 * Obsolete target vessels could not be held available indefinitely.

JOINT TASK FORCE ONE

JTF 1 was organized on 11 January 1946. It followed the basic principles employed during World War II to develop amphibious task forces, but incorporated needs of the scientific program. The joint task force staff comprised Army, Navy, and civilian scientific personnel. This joint staff maintained liaison with the War and Navy Departments, the Manhattan Engineer District, and other government agencies.

CJTF 1 maintained liaison with two boards of special interest, the JCS Evaluation Board and the President's Evaluation Commission. The Evalaution Board was to advise CJTF 1 during preparation for the tests and evaluate test results. The Evaluation Commission was to cooperate with the War and Navy Departments in conducting the tests, and to undertake a study of the tests and to submit its observations to the President along with findings, conclusions, and recommendations (Reference C.9.206, pp. VI-(B)-1 and VI-(B)-2).

JTF 1 was subdivided into eight task groups, each of which performed some specific function. Figure 9 details the structure of JTF 1, which was headquartered on USS Mount McKinley (AGC-7).

Task Group 1.1 (Technical Group)

Task Group (TG) 1.1 was responsible for instrumenting all target ships and target areas. Selected ships assigned to the group were equipped with laboratory facilities to service scientific instruments and record all data. The primary mission of its Drone Boat Unit (Task Unit (TU) 1.1.3) was to obtain early samples of radioactive water after each test and conduct remotely controlled radiological reconnaissances of the lagoon area after shot BAKER. TG 1.1 also did the following:


 * Operated and performed technical services


 * Observed and measured physical phenomena


 * Furnished technical advice and assistance.

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