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 It is, of course, possible to put technological counter-measures in place to combat this type of technological cheating. However, this then becomes a game of catch-up, much like search engine optimisation practices, wherein those who are behaving badly (‘black hats’) are simply trying to stay one step ahead of the counter-measures.

See Fitzpatrick, Planned Obsolescence, pp. 27–30.

See Bhaskar, The Content Machine, pp. 131–4 for more on ampliﬁcation in publishing.

See Osborne, ‘Why Open Access Makes No Sense’.

Samuel Weber, Institution and Interpretation, Cultural Memory in the Present, expanded edn (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001), p. 27.

Weber, Institution and Interpretation, pp. 32–3.

Weber, Institution and Interpretation, pp. 132–52.

Bill Readings, The University in Ruins (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996), pp. 2–3.

I am wary of the term ‘neoliberalism’ as an overly broad and empty term, but I here deﬁne it as in part entailing an at least nominal insistence on transparency, accountability and openness, in order to support the belief that all aspects of society are best handled on a for-proﬁt basis through competition, for which a ﬁxation on quantiﬁcation and measurement will produce the ultimate rational market actor.

Docherty, For the University, p. 134.

Readings, The University in Ruins, p. x, emphasis mine; Keith Hoeller, ‘The Academic Labor System of Faculty Apartheid’, in Equality for Contingent Faculty: Overcoming the Two-Tier System, ed. Keith Hoeller (Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2014), pp. 116–55 (p. 117).

UCU, ‘Over Half of Universities and Colleges Use Lecturers on Zero-Hour Contracts’, 2013 www.ucu.org.uk/6749 [accessed 6 September 2013].

Thompson, Books in the Digital Age, p. 113. Furthermore, covering the cost of fairly subsidising academic labour for the production of a book would cause the price of books to skyrocket, thereby further impeding access.

Suber, Open Access, p. 10.

‘Submit to SAGE Open today to lock in the $99 APC before the price goes up!’

Stuart Lawson, ‘APC Pricing’, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9. ﬁgshare.1056280 [accessed 13 June 2014]; see also David J. Solomon and Bo-Christer Björk, ‘A Study of Open Access Journals Using Article Processing Charges’, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63 (2012), 1485–95 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.22673 for an older study.