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 PUTNAM. PUTNAM. 4>)5 He was admitted to the bar December, 1859, and at once commenced practice in his native town. April, 1861, he turned his law office into a recruiting office, and recruited a company known as " Putnam Guards" for the 14th regiment, Massachu- setts volunteers. He was commissioned captain of company I, same regiment. From October, 1863, to the close of the war he was 1st lieutenant and captain. He served at Newbern, N. C, as assistant pro- vost-marshal, district of North Carolina, and as judge-advocate at Plymouth, N. C. At the close of the civil war he opened a law office in Blackstone, and was in active practice till his appointment as judge, June, 1872, removing to Uxbridge, May, 1877. He holds the position of judge of the 2d district court of Southern Worcester. Judge Putnam was married in Black- stone, November 25, 1868, to Helen Irving, daughter of Artiman and Esther (Burn- ham) Staples. Of this union are two children : Alden L. and Beatrice Putnam. Judge Putnam was six years chairman of the prudential committee of the First Con- gregational church of Uxbridge ; served on the school board in Danvers, Black- stone and Uxbridge, and on the library committee of the Peabody Institute ; was for many years a trustee of the Worcester Agricultural Society, and a trustee of the Uxbridge Savings Bank. He is the author of " Ten Years a Police Court Judge ; " " History of Blackstone ; " various pamphlets, including "A Glance at the History of the Village Bank, Dan- vers ; " " An Open Letter to the Constable of the Commonwealth;" "The Sunday Law in Massachusetts," and the " Story of the Putnam Guards." He was " war editor " of the" Peabody Press " (1862-63); also of " The Flag," a paper published two months at Plymouth, N. C. He has been an occasional contributor to papers and maga- zines since 1855, has lectured in lyceum courses, and has spoken in political cam- paigns. He received the honorary degree of A. M. from Dartmouth College, 1887. He represented his district (Danvers) in the Legislature in 1857 and '60 ; was alter- nate delegate to the national Republican convention in i860, and also in 1876. While in the Legislature in i860, he took an aggressive position in opposition to the bill for the slaughter of cattle suspected of being diseased with pleuro-pneumonia. He was attacked in the Legislature by press and people, but time vindicated his position, and the abuse hurled at him soon recoiled upon its authors. PUTNAM, John Pickering, son of John Pickering and Harriet (Upham) Put- nam, and grandson of Judge Samuel Put- nam, of Salem, Mass., was born in Boston, April 3, 1S47. A primary school in Boston, and gram- mar and high schools in Lawrence, furn- ished the first courses of his education. He entered the public Latin school in i860, and graduated in 1S64. Entering Harvard College the same year, he was graduated in the class of 1868. He entered L ' Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris, in 1S69, after a year's preparation, the Royal Academy of Architecture, Berlin, in 1870, and began the practice of architecture, Boston, in 187 1. In 1S83 he began a special course of study and investigation into the subject of house drainage, and in this study invented the "sanitas" plumbing appliances, to supply a demand for simpler and more sci- entific fixtures and methods of plumbing than at that time were in use. He founded the Sanitas Manufacturing Company. Mr. Putnam married, in Framingham, 1885, Grace Cornelia, daughter of Edward O. and Elizabeth L. Stevens. They have one child : Grace Elizabeth Putnam. Mr. Putnam was for some years a mem- ber of the American Metrological Society, the American Spelling Reform Association, the Boston Society of Architects, and vari- ous other social and scientific societies. He published, in 18S2, a treatise on "The Metric System of Weights and Measures," and a work on heating and ventilation, entitled "The Open Fire-place in All Ages; " in 1S86, a book on "The Principles of Home Drainage," and, in 1S87, another on "Improved Plumbing Appliances." Since 1883 he has contributed many articles on sanitary plumbing and drainage to the "American Architect and Building News," and other building journals; and has lec- tured on the subject of house drainage before architectural, engineering and med- ical societies in Boston and Worcester. PUTNAM, WlLLARD, son of Samuel and Elizabeth F. (Richardson) Putnam, was born in New Salem, Franklin county, September 6, 1838. He was educated at New Salem Acad- emy, where he was fitted for college. He entered Amherst College, from which he was graduated in the class of i860 ; he taught school for one year and six months after graduation, and then, following his rural tastes, chose farming as a vocation. His present residence is in Cooleyville, New Salem. He has been an active mem- ber of the school board since 1866.