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 162 character of recent political events in Italy, in so far as events of such comprehensive force can really depend on merely individual influences. The Court of Vienna intended to veto Cardinal Mastai-Ferretti at the last Conclave, and the Archbishop of Milan, Cardinal Gaysruck, the Austrian agent, received instructions to lodge the formal exclusion in the name of the Emperor, in the event of this prelate promising to obtain his election. The Cardinal proceeded to Rome, but arrived there the morning following Cardinal Mastai-Ferretti's proclamation as Pius after one of the shortest Conclaves on record. 'Semel