Page:On Faraday's Lines of Force.pdf/5

Rh intensity of the force as well as its direction by the motion of the ﬂuid in these tubes. This method of representing the intensity of a force by the velocity of an imaginary ﬂuid in a tube is applicable to any conceivable s ystem of forces, but it is capable of great simpliﬁcation in the case in which the forces are such as can be explained by the hypothesis of attractions varying inversely as the square of the distance, such as those observed in electrical and magnetic phenomena. In the case of a perfectly arbitrary system of forces, there will generally be interstices between the tubes; but in the case of electric and magnetic forces it is possible to arrange the tubes so as to leave no interstices. The tubes will then be mere surfaces, directing the motion of a ﬂuid ﬁlling up the whole space. It has been usual to commence the investigation of the laws of these forces by at once assuming that the phenomena are due to attractive or repulsive forces acting between certain points. We may however obtain a different view of the subject, and one more suited to our more difﬁcult inquiries, by adopting for the deﬁnition of the forces of which we treat, that they may be represented in magnitude and direction by the uniform motion of an incompressible ﬂuid.

I propose, then, ﬁrst to describe a method by which the motion of such a ﬂuid can be clearly conceived; secondly to trace the consequences of assuming certain conditions of motion, and to point out the application of the method to some of the less complicated phenomena of electricity, magnetism, and galvanism; and lastly to show how by an extension of these methods, and the introduction of another idea due to Faraday, the laws of the attractions and inductive actions of magnets and currents may be clearly conceived, without making any assumptions as to the physical nature of electricity, or anything to that which has been already proved by experiment.

By referring everything to the purely geometrical idea of the motion of an imaginary ﬂuid, I hope to attain generality and precision, and to avoid the dangers arising from a premature theory professing to explain the cause of the phenomena. If the results of mere speculation which I have collected are found to be of any use to experimental philosophers, in arranging and interpreting their results, they will have served their purpose, and a mature theory, in which physical facts will be physically explained, will be formed by those who by interrogating Nature herself can obtain the only true solution of the questions which the mathematical theory suggest.